An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability
Janusz Szmidla
,Justyna Wiktorowicz
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics |
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@article{Szmidla_2016, doi = {10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15}, year = 2016, publisher = {The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {155--165}, author = {Janusz Szmidla and Justyna Wiktorowicz}, title = {An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics} }
TY - JOUR DO - 10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15 UR - https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15 TI - An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability T2 - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics JA - J Appl Math Comput Mech AU - Szmidla, Janusz AU - Wiktorowicz, Justyna PY - 2016 PB - The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology SP - 155 EP - 165 IS - 3 VL - 15 SN - 2299-9965 SN - 2353-0588 ER -
Szmidla, J., & Wiktorowicz, J. (2016). An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(3), 155-165. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15
Szmidla, J. & Wiktorowicz, J., 2016. An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(3), pp.155-165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15
[1]J. Szmidla and J. Wiktorowicz, "An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability," Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 155-165, 2016.
Szmidla, Janusz, and Justyna Wiktorowicz. "An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15.3 (2016): 155-165. CrossRef. Web.
1. Szmidla J, Wiktorowicz J. An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics. The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology; 2016;15(3):155-165. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15
Szmidla, Janusz, and Justyna Wiktorowicz. "An influence of the geometrical nonlinearity of a frame column of flat frame type Gamma subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole on its stability." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15, no. 3 (2016): 155-165. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.3.15
AN INFLUENCE OF THE GEOMETRICAL NONLINEARITY OF A FRAME COLUMN OF FLAT FRAME TYPE Γ SUBJECTED TO THE FOLLOWER FORCE DIRECTED TOWARDS THE POSITIVE POLE ON ITS STABILITY
Janusz Szmidla, Justyna Wiktorowicz
Institute of Mechanics and Fundamentals
of Machinery Design
Czestochowa University of Technology
Częstochowa, Poland
szmidla@imipkm.pcz.pl, wiktorowicz@imipkm.pcz.pl
Abstract. The results of the theoretical and numerical research for the purpose of designation of local and global instability areas of a rectangular frame with a geometrically non- linear frame column subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole are presented in this work. Taking into consideration the total potential energy of an analysed system, the equations describing transverse and longitudinal movements and the boundary conditions necessary for the problem solution are formulated. On the basis of the static criterion of the loss of stability, the influences of the variable flexural stiffness of the system and the geometrical and physical parameters of the flat frame on the value of the bifurcation load are obtained. The results of numerical computations are compared with appropriate values of critical load of the comparative system.
Keywords: stability, slender systems, bifurcation load
1. Introduction
The issue of the stability of flat frame has been discussed in various studies. Taking into account criterions of the loss of stability (the energetic method and the kinetic criterion) [1], extensive theoretical and numerical studies were conducted. The research resulted in establishing the values of a critical load parameter of considered systems.
The stability of flat frames was examined due to the type of external load: Euler’s load [2], Beck’s load [3], Reut’s load [4] and Tomski’s load (a specific load) [5]. An initial imperfections of systems in the form of eccentric application of force [6], a rigidity of structural nodes connecting particular elements [7] or an elasticity of mounting [8] have been also considered in the problem of flat frame stability. Additionally, an influence of the imperfection of a right angle of system on its stability was analysed [9].
The issue of local and global instability concerns geometrically nonlinear models [10] of slender elastic systems and is the result of the comparison analysis of values of the bifurcation load parameter of a geometrically nonlinear column and critical load parameter of an appropriate linear column. The value of the bifurcation load, at which the loss of a rectilinear form of the static equilibrium has been obtained for a geometrically nonlinear column, was determined as a function of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of particular rods of the system [5].
2. The physical model of the system
The model of a geometrically nonlinear flat Γ frame subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole [5] is presented in Figure 1. A frame column is built of two rods of the flexural stiffness (EJ)11 and (EJ)21 and a frame bolt is made of a rod of the flexural stiffness (EJ)2. Total flexural stiffness of each rod in the frame column is constant (1). Elements of the considered system have been mounted elastically and the frame bolt is able to move in the longitudinal direction. Rods of the frame column and the frame bolt are connected with a load receiving head by a rigid element with a length of l0. The direction of loading force passes through a stationary point O – a centre of the curvature of the loading and receiving heads, described by radius R.
Obtained results for the geometrically nonlinear ГN system are compared to the linear ГL system described in the study [11] (a comparative system):
(1) |
2.1. Designations of systems
For the presented physical models of a geometrically nonlinear ΓN frame (Fig. 1) and a comparative linear ΓL frame [11], the following designations are introduced for taking into account selected values of the abovementioned physical and geometrical parameters. Symbols of the considered frames, as well as their parameters, are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The designations of the systems
ГL(μC, μS, lr*, φ, c1*, c2*) |
ГN(μC, μS, lr*, φ, c1*, c2*) |
|
(2-7) |
||
Fig. 1. The flat frame of Г type with a geometrically nonlinear frame column subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole ГN(μC, μS, lr*, φ, c1*, c2*)
3. The mathematical model
Taking into account the physical model of a geometrically nonlinear ГN frame, the components of potential energy are defined. The total potential energy V consists of energies of the bending elasticity, internal forces in the particular rods, action of the external load and the potential energy resulting from the elastic mounting of a frame column and frame bolt:
(8) |
The issue of the stability of a geometrically nonlinear frame was solved applying the minimum potential energy principle, which consists of searching for a value of external load at which the potential energy is no longer positively defined - the energetic method [1]:
(9) |
where δ - variation operator.
Taking into account the formula (9), after the prior calculus of variation of potential energy (8), the following equations were obtained:
– equations of the transverse movements:
(10) |
– equations of the longitudinal movements of the frame column of ГN system:
(11) |
The geometrical boundary conditions can be written in the following form:
(12-18) |
A construction solution of loading and receiving , heads allows one to determine the following boundary condition:
(19) |
that take into consideration a linear relation between the deflection and the angle of deflection of the end of the frame column.
Regarding the geometrical boundary conditions in variation of potential energy, missing natural boundary conditions necessary for boundary problem solution may be formulated:
(20-26) |
4. The solution of the boundary problem
The issue of stability has been solved by substituting the equations (27)-(29) (which are the solutions of equations (10) in the boundary conditions (12)-(23)). In this way, a transcendental equation for determining the value of bifurcation force Pb has been obtained:
(27-29) |
4.1. Results of numerical analysis
In this work, the values of bifurcation load Pb of geometrically nonlinear frame ГN(μC, μS, lr*, φ, c1*, c2*) and critical load Pkr of linear (comparative) frame ГL(μC, μS, lr*, φ, c1*, c2*) have been expressed by dimensionless coefficients described by formulas (30) and (31), respectively:
(30), (31) |
The values of critical load parameter λcr* of a linear frame ΓL and bifurcation load parameter λb* of a geometrically nonlinear frame ΓN as a function of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µs (3) is presented in Figure 2.
Rods with lower flexural stiffness are responsible for the local loss of the stability. A removal of these rods from the frame column of geometrically nonlinear frame causes a sudden increase in critical load parameter (a transition from point A1 to point A2). Therefore, in the range of the coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry μS Î (0, μgr) the local loss of stability occurs. For μS > μgr the global loss of stability takes place.
Figures 3-5 present a relation of critical load parameter λcr* of a linear ΓL frame and the bifurcation load parameter of a geometrically nonlinear ΓN frame in function of the coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µS for different values of the coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry µC. Each of the plots shows the results for selected values of loading and receiving heads radius coefficient lr*. The obtained results are compared with the bifurcation and critical load of nonlinear column KN (frame column of the ΓN system) and linear column KL (frame column of the ΓL system) presented in work [12].
Fig. 2. The values of the critical load parameter λcr* (ГL frame) and the bifurcation load parameter λb* (ГN frame) in the function of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µs
Fig. 3. The critical load parameter λcr* (ГL frame) and the bifurcation load parameter (ГN frame) λb* as a function of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µs for different values of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of total system µC
Fig. 4. The critical load parameter λcr* (ГL frame) and the bifurcation load parameter (ГN frame) λb* as a function of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µs for different values of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of total system µC
Fig. 5. The values of the critical load parameter λcr* (ГL frame) and the bifurcation load parameter λb* (ГN frame) as a function of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µs for selected values of coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry µC
An influence of total flexural stiffness of the considered system µC on the limit value of the coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry of frame column µgr of ΓN frame for selected values of coefficient of frame column and bolt mounting rigidity c1* and c2* was shown in Figure 6. On the basis of the limit value of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry, the areas of local and global instability were determined. The global loss of stability occurs above the presented curves and the local loss of stability takes place for values below the curves.
In the case of a pinned connection between frame column and frame bolt, the limit value of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry is constant and independent of total flexural stiffness µC of system (Fig. 7).
Fig. 6. The influence of coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry µC on the limit value of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry µgr of frame column of ГN system for selected values of the frame column and bolt mounting rigidity coefficients c1* and c2*
Fig. 7. The influence of coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry µC on the limit value of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry µgr of the frame column of ГN system, where c1* = 0 and c2* = 0
An influence of parameters describing the geometry of loading head (R and l0) on the limit value of the coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry μgr is shown in Figure 8. On the basis of the abovementioned limit value, the areas of local and global loss of stability were determined. The global instability takes place above the presented curve and the local instability corresponds with values below the curve. It has been proved that the obtained curve for the selected values of mounting rigidity coefficients c* and for the particular value of total flexural stiffness of the system reaches the maximum value for the lr* parameter in the range between 0.5 and 0.7.
Fig. 8. The influence of the value of loading and receiving heads radius R on the limit value of coefficient of the flexural stiffness asymmetry µgr
Fig. 9. The values of bifurcation load parameter λb* as a function of coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry µC for selected values of radius of loading and receiving heads parameter lr*
The change of the bifurcation load λcr* as a function of the coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry µC for the selected values of loading and receiving heads radius coefficient lr* was presented in Figure 9. With increasing total flexural stiffness µC of the analysed system, the bifurcation load of the frame asymptotically approaching the value of the critical load (shown by the dashed line), that corresponds to the column subjected to the particular case of Euler’s load [1]. In addition, the values of the bifurcation load of the geometrically nonlinear column (frame column) [12] were marked with points 1K-6K. The localisation of these points describes an increase in the bifurcation load of the geometrically nonlinear system with extra stiffness in the form of the frame bolt, whose geometry is defined by µC parameter.
5. Conclusions
A flat frame of type Γ with a geometrically nonlinear frame column was presented in this work. Taking into account the total potential energy, the boundary conditions were formulated.
On the basis of the results of numerical analysis of a geometrically nonlinear ΓN frame, an increase in the value of bifurcation load parameter due to the increase of total flexural stiffness µC (Figs. 4-6) was noted. Additionally, the bifurcation load parameter reached the maximum value for the radius of loading and receiving heads parameter lr* = 0.5 in the case of rigid mounting of the frame column and bolt in the model of a geometrically nonlinear ΓN frame subjected to the follower force directed towards the positive pole.
The ranges of local and global loss of stability depend on the value of the coefficient of total flexural stiffness asymmetry and on the geometry of loading head.
Acknowledgments
The study has been carried out within the framework of project BS/PB-1-101-3020/11/P realized at Czestochowa University of Technology.
References
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