An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power
Anna Tikhonenko-Kędziak
,Mirosław Kurkowski
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics |
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@article{Tikhonenko-Kędziak_2016, doi = {10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17}, year = 2016, publisher = {The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {157--169}, author = {Anna Tikhonenko-Kędziak and Mirosław Kurkowski}, title = {An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics} }
TY - JOUR DO - 10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17 UR - https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17 TI - An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power T2 - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics JA - J Appl Math Comput Mech AU - Tikhonenko-Kędziak, Anna AU - Kurkowski, Mirosław PY - 2016 PB - The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology SP - 157 EP - 169 IS - 4 VL - 15 SN - 2299-9965 SN - 2353-0588 ER -
Tikhonenko-Kędziak, A., & Kurkowski, M. (2016). An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(4), 157-169. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17
Tikhonenko-Kędziak, A. & Kurkowski, M., 2016. An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(4), pp.157-169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17
[1]A. Tikhonenko-Kędziak and M. Kurkowski, "An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power," Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 157-169, 2016.
Tikhonenko-Kędziak, Anna, and Mirosław Kurkowski. "An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15.4 (2016): 157-169. CrossRef. Web.
1. Tikhonenko-Kędziak A, Kurkowski M. An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics. The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology; 2016;15(4):157-169. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17
Tikhonenko-Kędziak, Anna, and Mirosław Kurkowski. "An approach to exponentiation with interval-valued power." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15, no. 4 (2016): 157-169. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.17
AN APPROACH TO EXPONENTIATION WITH INTERVAL-VALUED POWER
Anna Tikhonenko-Kędziak, Mirosław Kurkowski
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, College of Sciences
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw
Warsaw, Poland
a.tikhonenko@uksw.edu.pl, m.kurkowski@uksw.edu.pl
Received: 21 October
2016; accepted: 21 November 2016
Abstract. The main aim of the work is introducing an operation of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power, which not requiring to conversion of intuitionistic fuzzy values. Introducing an operation of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power, which does not require conversion of intuitionistic fuzzy values is the main aim of the work. It is known that, in the classical intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory, the use of all aggregation modes is not always possible because of the lack of definition of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power. Therefore, the specific aim of the work is to present the heuristic method of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power, and the consideration of its properties.
Keywords: IVFS, DST, Dempster-Shafer theory, interval-values fuzzy sets, operations on IVFS’s
1. Introduction
It is known that different variants of the aggregation of local criteria give rise to different results. It follows from this fact that the validity of the stage of formulation of a global criterion as an aggregation of local criteria is dominant. It is obvious that the evaluation of the validity of the criteria is not essential in some optimization processes and sometimes all local criteria have the same validity (weight) for decision-makers. What’s more, it is sometimes impossible to define the weight by using real numbers. Therefore, it is more proper to use the transformation of verbal terms to interval or fuzzy values applied to various types of aggregation modes. Many aggregation modes are available to use to make decisions. Not only real numbers [1-12] can be used to describe them.
One of the most common generalizations of the fuzzy sets theory is the one introduced by Atanassov [3], which is mainly used for solving MCDM [13-19] and group MCDM [5, 6, 20-25] problems in cases when intuitionistic fuzzy values are the value of the local criteria of alternatives and/or their weight.
Disadvantages of classical operations on intuitionistic fuzzy values are the base of some issues with intuitionistic fuzzy uncertainty in MCDM framework. A few limitations of traditional operations on fuzzy values were conferred in [26]. In [27], appropriate critical examples can be read about.
An approach based on the intuitionistic fuzzy matrix and the relations between the elements of the matrix, or the intuitionistic fuzzy sets, were introduced in [28]. In [27] it was confirmed that correct results cannot always be obtained by the method of comparing the intuitionistic fuzzy numbers introduced in [28].
The lack of a definition of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power is another issue which can be experienced with the classical intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory. It is noteworthy that the lack of such a definition severely curtails the number of aggregation modes which can be applied in MCDM problems under the circumstances of fuzzy uncertainty.
In paper [27], it was demonstrated that the use of the Dempster-Shafer theory based on converting intuitionistic fuzzy values to belief intervals allows one to achieve results which are more reliable, as well as facilitates the calculations in the solution of the MCDM problem. However, when using the conversion of the intuitionistic fuzzy values is not appropriate, using the heuristic method of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power is advisable.
The remaining part of the paper is organized in the following way. The basic definitions of the classical intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory are given in section 2. In section 3, we present the extension of the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer theory. Section 4 is devoted to an operation on the intuitionistic fuzzy sets in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer theory, and new operators of raising intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power, as well as the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric operator with weights presented by intuitionistic fuzzy values are introduced. In section 5, a few properties of the exponentiation operation achieved by the transformation to belief intervals and the heuristic IFV method were proved.
The study is cofounded by the European Union from resources of the European Social Fund. Project PO KL „Information technologies: Research and their interdisciplinary applications”, Agreement UDA-POKL.04.01.01-00-051/10-00.
2. Basic definitions
One of the most common generalizations of the fuzzy sets is the intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory which was introduced by Atanassov [3] which is mainly used for solving issues with MCDM [7, 14-19] and group MCDM [5, 6, 20-25] under the circumstances when the intuitionistic fuzzy values are the value of the local criteria of alternatives and/or their weight.
The base of the definition of the
intuitionistic fuzzy set are the considerations of membership function and non-membership function
of element x to a set X, where
. After that, the following set can be constructed
, where
. For constant
, pair
is called the intuitionistic fuzzy value
(IFV) or the intuitionistic fuzzy number.
A few operators based on the synthesis of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and the Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) were presented in sections [29] and [30]. It can easily be seen that the operators which base on the Choquet integral [30] are advantageous under circumstances where the aggregate weight of the assessments have some correlation with one other.
The strong connection between the intuitionistic fuzzy sets and DST was presented in [31]. This connection allows one to directly apply Dempster’s rule of combination in MCDM issues in order to aggregate local criteria with intuitionistic fuzzy values. This connection, or link, was also presented in [32, 33].
In [3] Atanassov gives the following definition of intuitionistic fuzzy set:
Definition 1. Let
be finite universal set. An object A
in X is called intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) if it has the following
form:
, where functions
,
and
,
determines
the degree of membership and non-membership of element
of
respectively, and, for each
, the inequality
holds.
Parameter is called an intuitionistic index (or the hesitation degree)
of the element
in
[3].
Of
course, for each , we have
.
Being that an intuitionistic set is the generalization of a typical fuzzy one, all of the regular results from the classical fuzzy set theory may be converted in the framework of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory (IFST), and all of the studies which base on regular fuzzy sets can be expressed by IFSs. However, IFST does not only contain operations which are compatible on fuzzy sets, but also such operations which cannot be expressed in the framework of the regular fuzzy set theory [34].
The operations of addition and multiplication
on IFV are defined by Atanassov [4] as
follows. Let
and
be
IFV’s. Then
![]() | (1) |
![]() | (2) |
These operations were constructed in such a
way that the result of their use is IFV. It is easy to prove that and
.
Based on operations (1) and (2) the following
expressions were received in [35] for
each integer :
![]() |
It was shown that these operations can be
used not only for integer values,
but also for the real values , i.e.:
![]() | (3) |
![]() | (4) |
The operations (1)-(4) have the following algebraic properties [36]:
Let and
be IFV’s. Then
![]() | (5) |
![]() | (6) |
![]() | (7) |
![]() | (8) |
![]() | (9) |
![]() | (10) |
Operations (1)-(4) are used for aggregation of local criteria in the case of solving the MCDM problems in terms of fuzzy intuitionistic uncertainty.
Let be an IFV’s of local criteria and
(
) be a weight of this criteria. Then the Intuitionistic
Weighted Arithmetic Mean (IWAM) may be specified by using the operation (1) and
(3) as follows [31]:
![]() | (11) |
The result is obtained by the aggregation operator (11) in the IFV for and its idempotent. It is this aggregation operator that is the most common in MCDM problem solving under the circumstances of intuitionistic fuzzy uncertainty.
It is also worth noting that there are no problems with the idempotent Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric operator (IFWG), which can be obtained directly from (2) and (4):
![]() | (12) |
3. An extension of intuitionistic fuzzy set theory in the framework of DST
The close connection between the intuitionistic fuzzy sets and DST was proved in paper [31]. This connection allows one to directly apply the Dempster’s rule of combination in MCDM issues in order to aggregate local criteria with intuitionistic fuzzy values.
Furthermore, in paper [31], the possibility of transforming intuitionistic fuzzy values to Belief Intervals (BI), based on the extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory in the context of DST was also presented. The presentation of mathematical operations on the IFVs as operations on BI is allowed by this fact.
In [37] Shafer introduced several measures.
The belief measure is a mapping , such that for any
subset B from X occurring the expression [31]:
![]() | (13) |
The next measure
proposed by Shafer is a measure of plausibility, which is
a mapping , such that for any subset B from
X the relation [31]
![]() | (14) |
holds.
It can
easily be seen that . A clear measure of ignorance about the
opportunity
and its completion
as the length of the interval
is allowed to be shown by a DST. This
interval, which is called
the belief interval (BI), can be depicted as the inaccuracy of the probability
of
opportunity B [31] as well. In [14], Hong and Choi proposed an interval
representation
of IFS A on X
instead of a pair
in framework of MCDM
problems.
The fact
that the expression represents the authentic inter-
val with its right bound being no smaller than the left one (due to the
rule
) is the first obvious asset.
The consideration of the basic definition of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory with regards to the DST is the second asset.
The following definition was referred to in [31].
Definition
2. Let be a universal finite set and
be an ele-
ment from X described by functions
, representing the membership and
non-membership of element
to
,
properly, such as
,
and
,
,
and for any
,
.
Intuitionistic fuzzy set A in X is an object of the following
form:
, where
is
a belief interval
and
are
the belief and plausibility functions of
belonging
to a set
.
When first examined, the definition of 1 expresses a simple re-definition of IFS as an interval fuzzy set, but the use of the DST semantic allows the increasing of the reliability of the calculations when dealing with operations on the IFVs and MCDM issues. Specifically, such an approach allows one to aggregate the local criteria determined by IFVs and the development of the MCDM method avoiding defuzzification during the time in which the local criteria and their weights are expressed by IFVs. Correspondingly, a final assessment in the form of the belief interval [31] is obtained.
4. Operations on IFVs in framework of DST
Two approaches of formulating the operation on belief intervals are suggested in paper [27]. The first approach is based on a probability interpretation of belief intervals. The second approach is based on a non-probability interpretation. In [27], the fact that the operations based on the non-probability interpretation of belief intervals have superior algebraic priorities to those based on the probability approach was proved. It is essential to indicate that arithmetic operators which have properties superior to algebraic operations done within the framework of the classical intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory are generated by each of the approaches. For this reason alone, operations defined in [27] based on the non-probability interpretation of belief intervals will be used by us.
Let and
be
the IFVs represented by belief intervals
,
, where
,
and
,
, respectively. In this case, Bel(A)
and Pl(A) are measures of belief and plausibility such as element
belongs to a set
. The belief interval
can be treated as an interval belonging
a true power of ascertainment (argument, proposition, hypothe-
sis etc.).
The additional
and multiplication operators on belief intervals are shown in [27]. This becomes possible
when we define an additional operator of belief
intervals as follows:
![]() |
So, if we have n different
ascertainments represented by belief intervals ,
then their sum
can be defined as follows:
![]() | (14) |
The multiplication operation of belief intervals we can define as
follows [27]:
![]() | (15) |
It can easily be seen that this multiplication operator is the same as the one used in the conventional interval arithmetic [37].
The scalar multiplication is defined in [27] as follows:
![]() | (16) |
where l is a real value, while , because for l > 1 this operator does not
always lead to the real belief intervals. This
restriction is justified by the fact
that we can define operations on belief intervals for MCDM problems, where l usually
represents the weight of local criteria, which are smaller than one.
The exponentiation operation is defined in [27] as
![]() | (17) |
and it leads to a real belief interval for all .
Using the conventional rules of interval
arithmetic [38], we obtain: ,
![]() |
Taking into account the properties of the belief intervals, we can lead these expressions to a following form [27]
![]() | (18) |
The operators defined in that way have good algebraic properties (the same as in the case of the conventional theory of IFSs, see (5)-(10)). It is can be directly inferred from expressions (14)-(17):
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Using expressions (14) and (16) we get following Intuitionistic Weighted Arithmetic Mean (IWAM):
![]() | (19) |
This operator is not idempotent [27]. However, a small modification of (19) (multiplication by n) allows one to obtain an idempotent operator:
![]() | (20) |
The Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric
operator () obtained
directly from (12) and (17) has the form [33]:
![]() | (21) |
It is easy to see that the operator (21) is idempotent.
The Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric
operator with weights presented by belief intervals ()
,
,
obtained directly from (15) and (17) has the form [33]:
![]() | (22) |
It showed in [33] that the result obtained by means of this operator has the form of belief intervals.
This operator is not idempotent. Of course,
the idempotence of operator (21)
is guaranteed by the normalization of weight value in the form of the real
numbers, or . Given that in (22) weights are have a belief interval’s form
. Observe that we have a problem with
their normalization [27].
Using the proposed approach (15) and (20), we get IWAM in the case when the local criteria and their weights are IFVs.
Let ,
, be belief intervals corresponding to
the intui-
tionistic fuzzy weights of the local criteria
,
presented by belief intervals
.
Then, from (15) and (19) we get [27]
![]() | (23) |
The simple modification of foregoing operator (multiplying by n) allows one to obtain a more handy operator [27]:
![]() | (24) |
This operator is
not idempotent. Of course, the idempotence of operator (24)
is guaranteed by the normalization of weight value in the form of the real
numbers, or , while in (21) weights have a belief
interval’s form
.
It seems that idempotance is notably important in MCDM issues among the basic properties of the aggregation operations (boundary conditions, monotonicity, continuity, symmetry, idempotance and others).
To conclude, it can be stated that the operators presented in the framework of the non-probability approach to the belief interval have their correspondents in the classical theory of IFSs [27].
It is important to remember that there is no definition of raising an IFV to intui- tionistic fuzzy power in the classical intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory. So, considering the analysis of the raise to power converting IFSs to belief intervals, the following expression is obtained:
![]() | (25) |
Let us consider an
example of calculating using the convert to belief
intervals and expression (29).
Example 5. Let
and
.
Then
and
, so
. Using expression (25), we get
. It is easy to see, that the results
coincide qualitatively, and
.
Similarly, their equivalent operator to is an
operator presented in
the expression (26):
![]() | (26) |
5. The properties of exponentiation operation realized by transformation to belief intervals and heuristic IFV method
Let us consider the basic properties of exponential functions (18) and (25).
Let ,
and
be IFV’s.
Then, belief
intervals
,
and
are representation of IFVs.
It follows from (14)-(18) that
![]() | (27) |
Proof.
.
The next met property is
![]() | (28) |
Proof.
.
So, in the same way, we get
![]() | (29) |
Proof.
.
However, the following properties are not met:
![]() ![]() |
In the case of expression (25) the following properties are met:
![]() | (30) |
Proof.
.
The following property is also met
![]() | (31) |
Proof.
.
Despite the fact that expression (25) is similar to (18) the property similar to (27) is not met:
![]() |
Due to the lack of a strict definition of
subtraction of intuitionistic fuzzy sets,
we have no way to conclusively determine whether the
following properties are preserved: ,
,
.
6. Conclusions
The heuristic method to solve the problem of raising an intuitionistic fuzzy values to intuitionistic fuzzy power and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric operator with weights presented by intuitionistic fuzzy values are proposed. The advantage of this heuristic method is lack of the requirement to convert intuitionistic fuzzy values. In addition, the properties of this method and method based on DST theory are proved.
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